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The Progress of Agriculture and Economy &
the Origin of Civilization in China: in Huang-He and Jiang-He

Chi ZHANG
Dept. of Archaeology, Univ. of Beijing, CHINA

Abstract
$B!!!!!!(JThe role of prehistoric economics in Chinese civilization is extremely significant. Analysis of the economic development of prehistoric agriculture and handicrafts, particularly of the regional variations, makes it obvious there were already clearly apparent cultural differences between the north and the south in China's Paleolithic age. The individual cultural lineages of the northern and southern regions were formed in the early Neolithic age. The different agricultural systems that appeared in the north and south in the mid-Neolithic age can be considered to have developed from the individual northern and southern cultures of the early Neolithic age. At that time the areas along the middle and lower reaches of the Huang-He and the Yangtze River began to be the central areas from which ancient Chinese culture developed. The main economic areas of China's late Neolithic age were the Lianghu region, the Sanxia reaches of Yangtze River region, the middle reaches of the Han River, the Suwan region, the Ganpo region, and the delta region. Each region had its own special attributes. The core economic areas were formed during the latter stages of the Neolithic age. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze, the Lianghu and the delta region were the core areas. In the middle and lower reaches of the Huang-He the main areas were southern Shanxi and Haidai. Why did the economic centers form in these areas? At that time, regional social conflict was fierce. Furthermore, the primary factor can be found in that the core groups had exclusive possession of resources. Also, these areas marked the formation of civilization after the late Neolithic age. However, the core economic areas of the middle and lower reaches of the Huang-He after the late Neolithic age strengthened into two areas, the central plain and the Haidai region. The prosperity and growth of the central economic area can be considered the civilization from which the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasty originated.

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