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The Formation of Agricultural Society in Korea

Jae-Ho AHN
Dept. of Archaeology & Art History, Dongguk University, KOREA

Abstract
$B!!!!!!(BThree types of agricultural societies can be recognized based on site location and tool kits during the Mummun pottery period in southern Korean peninsula. First type of the community distributed along riverine environment in the alluvial plains (e.g., the sites of Misari and Daepyongri). Second one spread on the ridges and slopes of the mountains (e.g., Packamdong site), and the last was formed on the hill side facing towards alluvial plains (e.g., Okhyun site).
$B!!!!!!(BThe early agricultural society developed on the alluvial plains, characterized by dwellings with square floor plan, pottery with decorative panels, and stone-adze for cultivation. This culture was indigenous development from a local Neolithic culture with the influence of northwestern Korean culture. Rice, wheat, barley, and millet were discovered at Deaepyungri site, suggesting the presence of crop-cultivation.
$B!!!!!!(BThe next stage of farming society is characterized by rectangular dwellings, Heunamri type pottery, and ground stone-adze for wood-cutting. Site location and tool kits suggest that the people of this culture practiced a slush-and-burn farming on the mountains. The rectangular floor house is the most common dwelling structure in the southern Korean peninsula. Each house is relatively large, having two to four hearths inside, and the houses were linearly arranged.
$B!!!!!!(BThe last stage of farming society is characterized by round dwellings, pre-Songgukuri type pottery, and stone-adze for wood-working. The villages were formed in a circular arrangement on the hillside. Social and economic activities might have been carried out in a unit of two to four households in a community. Wet-rice cultivation started in this period. This culture was developed under the influence of Bronze age culture in northeastern China.

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